What is the current application of energy storage in the power grid?

As can be seen in Table 3, for the power type and application time scale of energy storage, the current application of energy storage in the power grid mainly focuses on power frequency active regulation, especially in rapid frequency regulation, peak shaving and valley filling, and new energy grid-connected operation.

What is the status quo of energy storage functions in smart grids?

Table 3. The status quo of energy storage functions in smart grids. The functions of the power generation side mainly include fast frequency regulation, the suppression of low-frequency oscillation, automatic generation control, smoothing new energy output fluctuations, new energy output plan tracking, new energy output climbing control, etc.

How can energy storage technology improve the power grid?

Energy storage technologies can effectively facilitate peak shaving and valley filling in the power grid, enhance its capacity for accommodating new energy generation, thereby ensuring its safe and stable operation 3, 4.

What is a smart grid?

Smart grids are the ultimate goal of power system development. With access to a high proportion of renewable energy, energy storage systems, with their energy transfer capacity, have become a key part of the smart grid construction process.

Can distributed energy storage systems be integrated into a smart grid?

For integrating energy storage systems into a smart grid, the distributed control methods of ESS are also of vital importance. The study by proposed a hierarchical approach for modeling and optimizing power loss in distributed energy storage systems in DC microgrids, aiming to reduce the losses in DC microgrids.

What is user-side energy storage?

The user-side energy storage, predominantly represented by electrochemical energy storage, has been widely utilized due to its capacity to facilitate renewable energy integration and participate in capacity markets as a responsive resource [4, 5].