Why is the integrated photovoltaic-energy storage-charging station underdeveloped?

The coupled photovoltaic-energy storage-charging station (PV-ES-CS) is an important approach of promoting the transition from fossil energy consumption to low-carbon energy use. However, the integrated charging station is underdeveloped. One of the key reasons for this is that there lacks the evaluation of its economic and environmental benefits.

What is the capacity optimization model of integrated photovoltaic-energy storage-charging station?

The capacity optimization model of the integrated photovoltaic- energy storage-charging station was built. The case study bases on the data of 21 charging stations in Beijing. The construction of the integrated charging station shows the maximum economic and environment benefit in hospital and minimum in residential.

How to optimize the number of charging piles in PV-es-CS?

Local optimal solution and global optimal solution. In order to make the integer variables (the number of charging piles) optimizable in an effective way, the charging demand of EVs in the PV-ES-CS is calculated under different numbers of charging piles at first, then the demand is called in the optimization program directly.

Are PV-es-CS stations better than light storage power stations?

This study shows that compared with light storage power stations and energy storage charging stations, PV-ES-CS stations have better economic and environmental values, which can balance economic development and environmental protection.

Does distributed PV capacity affect the NPV of the PV-es-CS model?

Matlab 2020a is used to simulate the operation of the PV-ES-CS. The influence of distributed PV capacity and ES capacity on the NPV of the PV-ES-CS model is also investigated when the number of charging piles is constant (Fig. A1).

How much does a lithium phosphate battery cost in PV-es-CS?

For energy storage module, this paper selects the lithium iron phosphate battery, a common battery in PV-ES-CS, as the object; its configuration costs 300 USD/kwh and the operation and maintenance cost is 0.3 USD/kwh. The lithium iron phosphate battery has a life span of 10.91 years .