How big is Indonesia's electricity capacity?

In the past ten years, Indonesia has experienced a substantial expansion in its electricity capacity, which has grown from 45.2 GW in 2012 to 79.8 GW by 2022 (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Indonesia, 2023), as shown in Fig. 1. Including off-grid sources, the total capacity reaches 83 GW.

What are pumped storage power plants?

Pumped storage power plants are currently the most economical way of efficiently storing large amounts of energy over a longer period. As the leading technology for energy storage services, pumped storage not only balances variable power production, but with its firm capacity it also serves as a reliable back-up.

When will a battery storage facility be built in Indonesia?

In the BAU scenario, the construction of battery storage facilities commences in 2030 for 2-hour (2H) duration batteries in provinces such as East Java, Jakarta, Lampung, and Riau, followed by other provinces except Aceh, North Sumatra and West Java starting in 2035.

Does Indonesia need a geothermal power plant?

Indonesia has one of the world’s largest geothermal reserves and is expanding its capacity to meet growing energy demands. Indonesia is aiming for renewable energy to make up 23% of its total energy consumption by 2025.

How complex is Indonesia's energy landscape?

The Java-China system, contributing 75 % of national electricity generation, exemplifies the complexity of Indonesia's energy landscape (Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Indonesia, 2020a).

What is Indonesia's largest solar plant?

By the end of 2023, Indonesia commissioned its largest solar plant, the floating PV PLTS Cirata in West Java, with a capacity of 145 MW (Sukmawan et al., 2015).